Melasma — Conditions

Category: Conditions

SKINROUTE ·

A pigmentation disorder causing symmetrical brown patches on the face

What is Melasma?

A pigmentation disorder causing symmetrical brown patches on the face

UV exposure and hormonal changes (pregnancy, oral contraceptives) are primary causes, common on cheeks, forehead, and upper lip.

Caution

Thorough sun protection is the most important prevention and management method.

Main causes & characteristics

Melasma is understood to be a pigmentary condition in which melanocytes become overactive in response to stimuli, depositing brown to gray-brown pigment in the epidermis and dermis. UV and visible light exposure, estrogen changes from pregnancy or oral contraceptives, and heat stimulation are major aggravating factors. It tends to appear symmetrically on the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, and jawline.

How to manage

Applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen (covering UVA, UVB, and blue light) generously every day and reapplying every 2–3 hours is recommended as the most basic step. Vitamin C, niacinamide, tranexamic acid, and arbutin are known to help with pigment care, while harsh peels or excessive friction can actually darken pigment, so they call for caution. If changes are slow or the pigment darkens, consulting a dermatologist is recommended.

Good to know alongside

Sun protection, photoaging, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), and the difference between melasma and freckles are often mentioned together. Hormonal factors can influence recurrence.

Everyday care tips

Applying sunscreen even indoors and on cloudy days, and avoiding prolonged facial exposure to heat (saunas, hot compresses), can help. Using a parasol is recommended.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is Melasma?
A pigmentation disorder causing symmetrical brown patches on the face. UV exposure and hormonal changes (pregnancy, oral contraceptives) are primary causes, common on cheeks, forehead, and upper lip.

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Sources & References

Medical Disclaimer

SKINROUTE is not a medical device or healthcare provider. All content is general skincare information for reference only. If you have concerns about your skin, please consult a board-certified dermatologist.